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    <h1 class="title">Elasticsearch.Nest 教程系列 4-1 映射：Auto mapping | 自动映射</h1>
  


      
        <time datetime="2020-01-16T03:07:01.000Z">
          create: 2020-01-16 11:07:01 | update: 2020-01-23 12:13:44
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    <br>
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        </time>
      
            
    </header>
    <div class="entry">
      
      <blockquote>
<ul>
<li>本系列博文是“伪”官方文档翻译（更加本土化），并非完全将官方文档进行翻译，而是在查阅、测试原始文档并转换为自己真知灼见后的“准”翻译。有不同见解 / 说明不周的地方，还请海涵、不吝拍砖 ：）</li>
<li>官方文档见此：<a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/net-api/current/introduction.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/net-api/current/introduction.html</a></li>
<li>本系列对应的版本环境：<a href="mailto:ElasticSearch@7.3.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ElasticSearch@7.3.1</a>，<a href="mailto:NEST@7.3.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NEST@7.3.1</a>，IDE 和开发平台默认为 VS2019，.NET CORE 2.1</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<hr>
<p>类似于 dynamic mapping，在创建索引或通过 Put Mapping API 创建映射时，NEST 提供了一种称为自动映射的功能，该功能可以从正在映射的 CLR POCO 属性类型自动推断出正确的 Elasticsearch 字段数据类型。 </p>
<h1 id="一个简单示例："><a href="#一个简单示例：" class="headerlink" title="一个简单示例："></a>一个简单示例：</h1><ul>
<li>新建 Document 抽象基类。</li>
<li>新建 Company 类</li>
<li>新建 Employee 类</li>
<li>三者关系如下</li>
</ul>
<a id="more"></a>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">public abstract class Document
{
    public JoinField Join { get; set; }
}

public class Company : Document
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public List&lt;Employee&gt; Employees { get; set; }
}

public class Employee : Document
{
    public string LastName { get; set; }
    public int Salary { get; set; }
    public DateTime Birthday { get; set; }
    public bool IsManager { get; set; }
    public List&lt;Employee&gt; Employees { get; set; }
    public TimeSpan Hours { get; set; }
}
</code></pre>
<p>自动映射可以省去为每个 POCO 类上的所有属性手动映射的麻烦。</p>
<p>以下示例将上面两个派生类索引到一个索引中：通过为基类调用 Map 方法，之后为每个派生类调用 AutoMap 方法：</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">var createIndexResponse = _client.Indices.Create(&quot;myindex&quot;, c =&gt; c
    .Map&lt;Document&gt;(m =&gt; m
        .AutoMap&lt;Company&gt;()          //可以使用泛型方法进行自动映射
        .AutoMap(typeof(Employee))   //页可以使用非泛型方法进行自动映射，两者等效
    )
);
</code></pre>
<p>以上映射方法所产生的 JSON 结构如下：</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="json" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="json">{
  &quot;mappings&quot;: {
    &quot;properties&quot;: {
      &quot;birthday&quot;: {
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;date&quot;
      },
      &quot;employees&quot;: {
        &quot;properties&quot;: {
          &quot;birthday&quot;: {
            &quot;type&quot;: &quot;date&quot;
          },
          &quot;employees&quot;: {
            &quot;properties&quot;: {},
            &quot;type&quot;: &quot;object&quot;
          },
          &quot;hours&quot;: {
            &quot;type&quot;: &quot;long&quot;
          },
          &quot;isManager&quot;: {
            &quot;type&quot;: &quot;boolean&quot;
          },
          &quot;join&quot;: {
            &quot;properties&quot;: {},
            &quot;type&quot;: &quot;object&quot;
          },
          &quot;lastName&quot;: {
            &quot;fields&quot;: {
              &quot;keyword&quot;: {
                &quot;ignore_above&quot;: 256,
                &quot;type&quot;: &quot;keyword&quot;
              }
            },
            &quot;type&quot;: &quot;text&quot;
          },
          &quot;salary&quot;: {
            &quot;type&quot;: &quot;integer&quot;
          }
        },
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;object&quot;
      },
      &quot;hours&quot;: {
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;long&quot;
      },
      &quot;isManager&quot;: {
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;boolean&quot;
      },
      &quot;join&quot;: {
        &quot;properties&quot;: {},
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;object&quot;
      },
      &quot;lastName&quot;: {
        &quot;fields&quot;: {
          &quot;keyword&quot;: {
            &quot;ignore_above&quot;: 256,
            &quot;type&quot;: &quot;keyword&quot;
          }
        },
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;text&quot;
      },
      &quot;name&quot;: {
        &quot;fields&quot;: {
          &quot;keyword&quot;: {
            &quot;ignore_above&quot;: 256,
            &quot;type&quot;: &quot;keyword&quot;
          }
        },
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;text&quot;
      },
      &quot;salary&quot;: {
        &quot;type&quot;: &quot;integer&quot;
      }
    }
  }
}
</code></pre>
<p>以上 JSON 中，NEST 根据 POCOs 属性的数据类型，推断了对应的 ES 数据类型：</p>
<ul>
<li>Birthday：date</li>
<li>Hours：long</li>
<li>IsManager：boolean</li>
<li>Salary：integer</li>
<li>Employees：object</li>
<li>其余的 string 类型被推断为了 ES 中的 text 类型，且每一个都被标记为了 keyword。</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="目前-NEST-提供的类型推断映射"><a href="#目前-NEST-提供的类型推断映射" class="headerlink" title="目前 NEST 提供的类型推断映射"></a>目前 NEST 提供的类型推断映射</h1><h2 id="支持的-NET-数据类型"><a href="#支持的-NET-数据类型" class="headerlink" title="支持的 .NET 数据类型"></a>支持的 .NET 数据类型</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>.NET 数据类型</th>
<th>ES 中的数据类型</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>String</td>
<td>text，包含 keyword 子属性，更多关于多字段说明，见此博文 <a href="https://blog.zhuliang.ltd/2020/01/backend/Elasticsearch-Nest-multifields.html">NEST 教程系列 4-7 映射：Multi fields 多字段映射</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Int32</td>
<td>integer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>UInt16</td>
<td>integer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Int16</td>
<td>short</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Byte</td>
<td>short</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Int64</td>
<td>long</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>UInt32</td>
<td>long</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TimeSpan</td>
<td>long</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Single</td>
<td>float</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Double</td>
<td>double</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Decimal</td>
<td>double</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>UInt64</td>
<td>double</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DateTime</td>
<td>date</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DateTimeOffset</td>
<td>date</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Boolean</td>
<td>boolean</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Char</td>
<td>keyword</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Guid</td>
<td>keyword</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul>
<li>需要注意：.NET 中的 Decimal 类型在 ES 中没有直接等效的类型，这里用 double 来对应，但存在精度上存在差异（Decimal 精度 小于 Double 精度），在反序列化到 .NET POCO 模型的时候，如果 ES 中的值在 [Decimal.Min, Decimal.Max] 区间范围之外，则在映射到 POCO 模型 Decimal 类型的属性时由于超精度了，就会引发异常。为了避免这种情况，在设计 .NET 模型属性的时候，建议不要用 Decimal 数据类型，转而使用 Double。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="NEST-特有的特殊类型映射"><a href="#NEST-特有的特殊类型映射" class="headerlink" title="NEST 特有的特殊类型映射"></a>NEST 特有的特殊类型映射</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>NEST 数据类型</th>
<th>ES 中的数据类型</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Nest.QueryContainer</td>
<td>percolator</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nest.GeoLocation</td>
<td>geo_point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nest.IGeoShape</td>
<td>geo_shape，如果你想要显式映射 shape 类型，则在对应的属性上使用 [Shape]特性</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nest.CompletionField</td>
<td>completion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nest.DateRange</td>
<td>date_range</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nest.DoubleRange</td>
<td>double_range</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nest.FloatRange</td>
<td>float_range</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nest.IntegerRange</td>
<td>integer_range</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nest.LongRange</td>
<td>long_range</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nest.IpAddressRange</td>
<td>ip_range</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>除去以上两大类，剩余其他类型默认都被映射为 object。</p>
<h1 id="映射递归"><a href="#映射递归" class="headerlink" title="映射递归"></a>映射递归</h1><p>在上面的例子中，Employee 模型内嵌了一个 List<employee> 模型，默认情况下，使用 .AutoMap() 进行自动映射的，在遍历实例的时候只会遍历一层深度，也就是 List<employee> 属性并没有得到任何属性的映射。</employee></employee></p>
<p>这样设计的目的时为了防止堆栈溢出和无限递归。另外，在大多数情况下，当涉及到 Elasticsearch 映射时，具有这种深层嵌套的映射通常是一个边界情况。但是，会有这样的场景存在，因此你可以通过 .AutoMap(int maxRecursion) 重载方法来指定递归的深度。</p>
<p>示例：</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">public class A
{
    public A Child { get; set; }
}
</code></pre>
<p>直接使用 AutoMap</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">
var createIndexResponse = _client.Indices.Create(&quot;myindex&quot;, c =&gt; c
    .Map&lt;A&gt;(m =&gt; m.AutoMap()) 
);
</code></pre>
<p>结果如下：</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="json" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="json">{
  &quot;myindex&quot; : {
    &quot;mappings&quot; : {
      &quot;properties&quot; : {
        &quot;child&quot; : {
          &quot;type&quot; : &quot;object&quot;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
</code></pre>
<p>显式指定 AutoMap 的递归深度为 3：</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="csharp" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="csharp">createIndexResponse = _client.Indices.Create(&quot;myindex&quot;, c =&gt; c
    .Map&lt;A&gt;(m =&gt; m.AutoMap(3)) //深度 3
);
</code></pre>
<p>结果如下：</p>
<p></p><p class="code-caption" data-lang="json" data-line_number="backend" data-trim_indent="backend" data-label_position="outer" data-labels_left="Code" data-labels_right=":" data-labels_copy="Copy Code"><span class="code-caption-label"></span></p><p></p>
<pre><code class="json">{
  &quot;myindex&quot; : {
    &quot;mappings&quot; : {
      &quot;properties&quot; : {
        &quot;child&quot; : {
          &quot;properties&quot; : {
            &quot;child&quot; : {
              &quot;properties&quot; : {
                &quot;child&quot; : {
                  &quot;properties&quot; : {
                    &quot;child&quot; : {
                      &quot;type&quot; : &quot;object&quot;
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
</code></pre>

      

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